Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) typically needs to meet certain standards to ensure its quality and compatibility with existing natural gas infrastructure. These standards can vary depending on factors such as regional regulations, pipeline specifications, and end-user requirements. However, some common standards and specifications for RNG include:
- Methane Content: RNG is primarily composed of methane, and there are usually specifications regarding the minimum methane content to qualify as natural gas. In many cases, RNG must have a methane concentration of at least 90% to be considered pipeline-quality gas.
- Impurities: Specifications often include limits on impurities such as sulfur compounds, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, and moisture. High levels of impurities can affect the combustion characteristics of the gas, cause corrosion in pipelines, and impact overall system performance.
- Heating Value: The heating value, or energy content, of RNG is an important parameter that determines its usefulness as a fuel. Standard specifications may require RNG to have a certain minimum heating value to ensure it provides sufficient energy when burned.
- Particle Size and Composition: In some cases, RNG may need to meet specific requirements regarding particle size distribution and composition to prevent clogging or damage to pipeline equipment.
- Odorization: While natural gas is odorless, utilities typically add odorants such as mercaptans to aid in leak detection. RNG may need to undergo odorization to meet safety standards and regulatory requirements.
- Renewability Criteria: Depending on the regulatory framework and certification schemes in place, RNG may need to demonstrate its renewable origin through factors such as feedstock sourcing (e.g., landfill gas, agricultural waste, wastewater treatment plants) and carbon intensity reduction compared to conventional fossil fuels.
These standards ensure that RNG is compatible with existing natural gas infrastructure, safe for transportation and use, and environmentally beneficial as a renewable energy source. Adhering to these standards is essential for RNG producers to access natural gas markets, comply with regulations, and maintain the integrity of the gas supply chain.